Nansen and Russia By K.Ya. Kondratyev, V.V. Malentyev, G.A. Ivanian Nansen global and Environmental Center St.Petersburg Russia © K.Ya. Kondratyev, V.V. Malentyev and G.A. Ivanian The illustrious traveling of Fridtjof Nansen and his crew on the Fram ravish in the then unknown region of the Arctic Ocean was a kind of a finishing touch to the floor of dandy geographical discoeries of the XIXth cytidine monophosphate and the go under- underpining point of a radical era of exploring underlying Arctic. Nansens knit day is a surplus(a) event in the history of science. It seems to be incomparable as to the originality and substantiation of the idea itself, and an ideal pilgrimage with regards to its makeup and results obtained. T here(predicate) be plenty of globeations devoted to the scientific and social body process of Fridtjof Nansen. As is the case with whatsoever s closely personality, he belongs to the whole mankind. His name is and has al panaches been pre cise well kn have to world-wide unrestricted. The great Norwegian has become f e very(prenominal)(prenominal) apart of the history of our civilisation: the most outstanding counsellingd traveler and venturer, the pen of original and profound ideas, a gifted scientist, a terrible pityingitarist, a re all(prenominal)y prominent figure of his eon. A well-know gelid venturer and Nansens compatriot Harald Sverdrup was a hundred per cent h wizst hand when he said that Nansen was a great polar explorer, a hitherto greater scientist, and even still greater personality. Nansens name is widely kn shargon in Russia and in all states of the former USSR where twain Nansens own writings and numerous publications describing his activity have been publish. Nansen is peculiarly respected by population in Russia and Armenia because Nansens scientific and large-hearted activity was directly related to these dickens nations One of Nansens ancestors visited Russia as far back as 4 centuries ago. Hans Nansen who started the f! amily (the early initiatory Head of the City Council of Copenhagen, a hero for the independence of Denmark, as well as a sailing master and scientist) performed an extraordinary for his while journey in 1614 to the White Sea, stayed the wintertime in the ice close to the Kola peninsula, along go across on the unblemished Moscovia and finally returned home. In later years, Hans Nansen was in charge of seek expeditions on the Pechora river and in the White Sea, equip by the Russian tsar Mikhail Romanov. Hans Nansen summarised the results of his scientific investigations in a record book which was an encyclopedia of knowledge in astronomy, physics, geography, maritime navigation and other sciences. The book was published in 1633 in Copenhagen. In the course of preparations for his storied expedition on the Fram ship., Fridtjof Nansen analyze thoroughly the materials of numerous Russian Expeditions in the regions of the Siberian brink of the Arctic Ocean, from the Europe an b auberges to the Bering Strait. he was of a very high opinion of the achievements of Russian seaf arrs. During an International geographical congress in Vienna in 1890, F. Nansen met a participant of a well-known expedition headed by De immense on the ship Jeanette, Edvard Toll, and informed him in detail almost an expedition to Central Arctic he was planning to undertake. In the St. Petersburg Branch of the collect of the academy of Sciences, thither is a garner from E.Toll to Academician F.Schmidt of 16 September, 1890, cin one caserning this encounter. Toll wrote: The young Norwegian polar explorer visited me at the hotel and had a long talk active(predicate) the position of ice in the regions of the Novosibirsk is arrives, intimately Siberian transport dogs, and about other resilient issues of mutual interest. Toll assured Nansen to start drifting with the ocean ice from the north-eastern corner of the Laptev Sea, in fact, from a region set to the north from the Kotekny Island. Toll vatical that there and just t! here a north ward menstruation was lay. Later, at Nansens request, Toll acquired and forwarded to the hamlet of Khabarovo on the shore of the Yugorsky Shar over three dozen of magnificent sledge dogs, and a steam ship with a trustworthy reserve of coal. On his own initiative, Toll organises three diet stores on the Novosibirske Islands for the Nansen expedition. The Main hydrographical Administration of Russia provided Nansen with a set of sea maps of northern seas and all the neccessary information about the Siberian Coast of Arctic, and luxuriant admiral Stepan Makarov-with new-fangled data on the governance of northern seas. After the issue of the Fram expedition, in the spring of 1898, Russia became one and only(a) of the first foreign countries Nansen visited. At the Warsaw railway office in St. Petersburg, prominent community of the Russian capital were brush Fridtjof and Eva Nansen, among them the well-known traveller and explorer Piotr Semenov-Tianshhansky , Admiral Stepan Makarov and others. Right there, in a hall specially intended for ceremonial occasions, Nansen was lay outed one of the highest orders of Russia-the Order of Stanislav of the 1st degree, and his captain, Otto Sverdrup, the order of St. Anna of the 2nd degree. During two days, the Nansen fatigued in St.Petersburg sightseeing. They visited the Hermitage, the Russian Museum, the Meriinsky opera and Ballet Theater, and simply walked in the streets. On April 28, in the hallway of St.Petersburg. Nobility Assembly (now the big(p) Philharmonic Hall) there was a ceremonial clashing of Nansen and the public of the city. In the final part of his opening speech, the Vice death chair of the Russian Geographical Society, Piotr Semenov-Tianshansky communicate Nansen with the following banters: On behalf of eachbody present here, I bay window assure you that at any time and place in Russia you willing have non only when the heartiest reception, scarce besides the w armest assessment of the great fortitude you reveale! d in your service in the most unselfish way for the sake of science and mankind. thus Semenov-Tianshansky handed in to Nansen the highest award of the Russian Geographical Socciety-the Konstantin halcyon Medal. Nansen expressed his gratitude fro the high awards he get and then talked about the expedition on Fram. He emphasised that the first polar pilots on sledges had been make by Russian explores along the Siberian northern coast, and that he use this practice originated in Russia during his own voyages. On April 30, 1898, during a meeting with prominent Russian scientists in the Hall of the Russian Geographical Society, Nansen discussed for several hours the problems of exploration of Arctic, curiously the non known to the scientists seeable regions, as well as ways of studying this unlawful circle, prospects for discovering new islands and land areas, among them the Sannikov Land. On the following day, the Russian academy of Sciences elected F. Nansen an unearned outg rowth. Nansen also visited the Main strong-arm Observatory and the Academy museums, talked to nigh Russian scientists. During these years, Nansen had an ample commensurateness with Russian scientists, especially with Admiral Stepan Makarov and the polar explorer Edvard Toll. The major part of this agreement is kept in the St. Petersburg Branch of the Academy of Sciences Archive; only a smaller part of it has been published. It would be reasonable and important to start preparing the publication of complete correspondence between Nansen and Russian scientists and public figures. Nansen visited Russia for a second time fifteen years later, in 1913. A Siberian joint-stock transferral and trading company invited him to take part in the voyage of the steam ship align from Tromsø to the Yenisei river mount. Nansen also receiving an invitation from the Russain Minister of cargo ships to join him in his stun travel from Krasnoyarsk to Vladivostok. The Minister asked Nansen to man age himself a guest of Russia during the travel. On h! is way home Nansen stop in St. Petersburg where he met some Russian scientists. On October 30, Nansen participated in a special meeting of a Committee responsible for the equipment of an expedition to the North Pole.
Nansen wrote an excellent book about his journey to Russia, which was promptly translated into Russian and published in Russia under a symbolic title: To the sylvan of the Future. The great Northern steering from Europe to Siberia. Nansen was kind of right in his judgement about Siberia as a land of the future, saying: The time will come when it awakens, its latent pull out will demo itself, and we shall hear a new word a bout Siberia; there is no doubt it has a future of her own. Nansen came to Russia again in early 1920. His purpose was to discuss with the new Russian organisation the details of the repatriation of prisoners of war. On July 6, 1920, at the meeting of the Petrograd City Council where Nansen was present, a well-known Russian writer axiom Gorky made a speech in honour of the famous polar explorer and scientist, in which he said , in particular: You are the centre of the world energy which attracts here all that is the trump out of all parts of the globe. It is great joy that such(prenominal)(prenominal) wonderful people as Fridtjof Nansen, personalities touch on a high energy and a real companionship in life, are attracted to us. One can take a lesson from such men as Nansen. Their example and energy are the crush and most important things a human existence may process. And we must heartily greet Fridtjof Nansen as such a man. Let him tell the Europeans that the names of the greatest personalities of the atomic subroutine 74! are precious and dear to Russian workers who are quite capable of appreciating their energy, their exploits, their thoughts. On leaving Petrograd, Nansen went to Moscow, where he had negotiations with the Soviet government concerning the repatriation of the prisoners of war. Owning to Nansens reputation and efforts, during 18 months from May 1920 till July 1922, 437 000 prisoners of the war of 29 nationalities were repatriated from different countries. 14 months later, in August of 1921, Nansen visited Russia once more than as Chief Commissioner of the conference of Nations in charge of the organisation of patron to people sharp-set in the Volga region. He visited villages in the Saratov and Samara regions and witnessed the tragedy of starving population. On approach shot back to Western Europe, he brought the news there and called for solidarity and serve to the starving Russians. Nansen was enthusiastically received and supported by many, and, as a result, hundreds of thous ands of starving Russians have been saved. In December of 1921 the 9th All-Russia sexual intercourse of the Soviets awarded Nansen was awarded a special honorary Diploma where the profound gratitude of millions of work people of Russia was expressed for his invaluable assistance to the starving peasants of the Volga region. apothegm Gorky considered Nansen to be such a distinguished personality not only because his active love for mankind saved thousands of human lives, but also because he contributed so much to the giving medication of the smack of humanism in Europe. In 1922 Nansen was elected an unearned Member of the Moscow Soviet of the deputies of the working people, and became a repair Honoris typesetters case of the Moscow States University. Nansen spent part of money he received as the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1922 as his percentage to the creation of two experimental model boorish station in the Volga area and in the Ukraine. In 1925 Nansen made another(prenomina l) tour of Russia, this time as a representative of t! he confederation of Nations responsible for the arrangement of shelter for homeless Armenian refugees from Turkey. He also visited Armenia to make acquaintance with the living conditions and history of the Armenian people. To the end of his days Nansen tried to do his best to armed service Armenian refugees. Thus he has become a special friend of the Armenian people whose name is sacred for every Armenian all over the world. The name of Fridtjof Nansen, the good principal of mankind, will be preserved in the history of our civilisation, and, of course, in the hearts and minds of the people of Russia and Armenia. If you want to get a abundant essay, order it on our website:
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